フグ科 Tetraodontidae                                                       Puffers

 





SNFR 16596, 346 mm SL.


46 ヨリトフグ

Sphoeroides pachygaster (Müller and Troschel, 1848)                            Blunthead Puffer

 

Specimens examined: 2 (SNFR 16596, 16597; 321–346 mm SL), 117–132 m depth.

Counts: D 8; A 7; P1 14–15; V 8+10=18. Measurements: head length 39.1–42.2% SL; body depth at anal-fin origin 11.2–12.4% SL; eye diameter 17.7–19.1% HL; interorbital width 40.9–48.1% HL; snout length 54.9–55.2% HL; caudal peduncle length 35.6–38.8% HL; caudal peduncle depth 12.5–15.9% HL; pectoral fin length 35.1–36.7% HL; caudal fin length 41.5–45.3% HL.

 

計数形質:背鰭8軟条;臀鰭7軟条;胸鰭14–15軟条;脊椎骨数8+10=18計測形質:頭長39.1–42.2% SL;臀鰭始部の体高11.2–12.4% SL;眼径17.7–19.1% HL;両眼間隔40.9–48.1 HL;吻長54.9–55.2% HL;尾柄長35.6–38.8% HL; 尾柄高12.5–15.9% HL;胸鰭長35.1–36.7% HL;尾鰭長41.5–45.3% HL.

特 徴 体はやや長く,横断面は円い.頭は大きく,頭部背面は幅広い.腹部は柔軟で,微小な皮褶が多数縦走する.口は小さく,前を向き,顎を突出できない.両顎の歯は癒合して嘴状となり,各顎に2枚ずつの歯板がある.眼はやや小さく,頭部の背縁近くに位置する.鼻器官には前後に小皮弁がある.鰓孔は小さく,裂孔状.胸鰭は円く,胸鰭長は尾柄長とほぼ等しい.腹鰭はない.背鰭と臀鰭は小さく,円い.臀鰭始部は背鰭基底よりも後にある.尾柄はやや側扁し,尾鰭基部に向かって細くなる.尾鰭はほぼ截形で,上端と後端はやや突出する.側線は不明瞭で,体側の背方を走る.体は円滑で,小棘を欠く.体の背方は暗緑灰色で,腹方は白い.背鰭,臀鰭および胸鰭は淡灰色で,鰭条は暗灰色.尾鰭は暗灰色で上端と下端は白い.

分 布 全世界の温帯と熱帯の海.

備 考 ヨリトフグはフグ科の中では深海に生息する種として知られている.本種は通常100m以深に生息する(Shipp, 1974) .本種の多くの個体は水深150m前後,水温6.918.5°Cの範囲で漁獲されたとの報告がある(Yamada et al. 2007) .本種の100個体以上の群が伊豆諸島八丈島の水深18mの所で観察されたことがある (Senou and Kato, 1999).西部大西洋と東部大西洋の個体群には色彩,胸鰭条数および眼径にやや相違があり(Shipp, 1974),西部大西洋では体に直径数ミリの斑点が多数あるが,東部大西洋では体色は一様に暗灰色である(成魚;標準体長50mm以下の個体には斑点がある).胸鰭条数の平均値は西部大西洋では16,東部大西洋では14.3である.眼径は西部大西洋では頭長の22%で,東部大西洋では28%である.インド・西太平洋のヨリトフグは体に小斑点をもたず(本研究の標本も同様)東部大西洋の個体群と類似するが,調査個体数が多くはない.本種の各個体群の分類学的位置づけについては今後の研究を要する.本種は主に頭足類を食べる(Shipp, 1974)

(松浦)

 

Description  Body moderately elongate, rounded in cross section. Head large, wide. Many longitudinal and short wrinkles on ventral surface of abdomen. Mouth small, terminal; jaws not protractile. Teeth in upper and lower jaws beak-like, two in each jaw. Eye small, positioned high on head. Two skin flaps on nasal organ. Gill opening small and slit like. Pectoral fin round, its length almost equal to caudal-peduncle length. No pelvic fin. Doral and anal fins small. Anal-fin origin posterior to dorsal-fin end. Caudal peduncle slightly compressed, tapering to caudal-fin base. Caudal fin truncate but dorsalmost and ventralmost rays slightly produced. Lateral line indistinct, running along dorsal half of body. No spinules on head and body. Body dark greenish-brown dorsally. Ventral surface of body white. Dorsal, anal and pectoral fins pale gray with dark rays. Caudal fin dark gray with white dorsalmost and ventralmost rays.

Distribution  Circumglobal in warm seas (Shipp, 1974).

Remarks  Sphoeroides pachygaster is usually found in depths of more than 100 m (Shipp, 1974). Yamada et al. (2007) reported that S. pachygaster was mainly collected from depths around 150 m where water temperatures ranged from 6.9°C to 15.8°C. Senou and Kato (1999) observed a school of about 100 individuals of S. pachygaster at 18 m depth in Hachijo-jima Island in Japan. Shipp (1974) showed that S. pachygaster was represented by two discrete populations in the Atlantic. The western Atlantic population possessed many small, dark round spots on the sides of body, a high pectoral-fin ray count (16 in average, 32 specimens), and a small eye (22% HL). Conversely, the eastern Atlantic population was characterized by having no spots on the body, lower pectoral-fin ray count (14.3 in average, 44 specimens), and an extremely large eye (28% HL). The two specimens from the surveyed area and eight specimens from other regions of the Indo-West Pacific did not have small, dark spots on the body, but more specimens are needed to clarify the taxonomic status of the populations from the Atlantic and the Indo-West Pacific. S. pachygaster feeds mainly on cephalopods (Shipp, 1974).

(K. Matsuura)

 



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