ドクウロコイボダイ科 Tetragonuridae                         Squaretails

 





SNFR 15930, 398 mm SL.


44 ドクウロコイボダイ

Tetragonurus cuvieri Risso, 1810    Smalleye Squaretail

 

Specimen examined: 1 (SNFR 15930; 398 mm SL), 524–852 m depth.

Counts: D XVII-15; A I, 12; P1 16; P2 I, 5; GR 8+11=19; LLS ca. 110; V 30+28=58. Measurements: head length 20.7% SL; body depth 13.1% SL; eye diameter 18.4% HL; interorbital width 26.3% HL; snout length 31.9% HL; upper-jaw length 40.4% HL; lower-jaw length 36.7% HL; caudal-peduncle length 22.1% SL; caudal-peduncle depth 4.7% SL; pectoral-fin length 10.1% SL; pelvic-fin length (no data, broken).

 

計数形質:背鰭17-15軟条;臀鰭1棘,12軟条;胸鰭16軟条;腹鰭1棘,5軟条;鰓耙数8+11=19;側線鱗数 約110;脊椎骨数30+28=58計測形質:頭長20.7% SL;体高13.1% SL;眼径18.4% HL;両眼間隔26.3% HL;吻長31.9% HL;上顎長40.4% HL;下顎長36.7% HL;尾柄長22.1% SL;尾柄高4.7% SL;胸鰭長10.1% SL;腹鰭長(破損のため計測不可).

特 徴 体は細長く,円筒形に近い.頭部は小さく,体長の約1/5.吻部はやや長く,吻端は丸い.口を閉じると下顎先端部は上顎の口内に収納される.両顎には基部が長く先端部が湾曲した歯が密に1列に並ぶ.鋤骨と口蓋骨にも小型の歯がある.眼は丸く小さく,眼径は吻長よりもかなり短い.涙骨は大きく,上顎の大部分を被う.鰓蓋部の縁辺は棘や鋸歯がなく円滑で厚い.鰓耙は柔軟で,幅広く短い.背鰭は2基で,背鰭棘は短く,棘条部の基底は軟条部の基底よりも長い.臀鰭始部は第2背鰭始部よりも後ろにあり,短い棘が1本ある.胸鰭と腹鰭はともに短い.尾鰭は深く二叉する.肛門は第2背鰭始部の直下付近に位置する.尾柄部は太くて長い.鱗で形成された硬い骨質隆起が尾鰭基底に2対ある.鱗は小さい菱形の櫛鱗で,規則的に並んでおり,剥がれにくい.吻部,頭頂部,および顎骨周辺は無鱗で,表面に微小な孔が密に分布する.側線鱗はやや不明瞭.喉部に食道嚢をもつ.体色はほぼ一様に黒色ないし黒褐色.

分 布 中層遊泳性.太平洋,大西洋の温帯から熱帯域.インド洋南西部.南アフリカ(Haedrich, 1967; Parin and Piotrovsky, 2004).

備 考 本海域には同属種のツマリドクウロコイボダイT. atlanticus Lowe, 1839が生息しているが,本種は頭部と眼が小さく,また脊椎骨数が多いことで識別できる.もうひとつの同属種,T. pacificus Abe, 1953はインド洋に生息しているが,南緯20度よりも北の赤道付近に限られているため,本海域からの記録はない(Parin and Piotrovsky, 2004).本種の初期生活史に関する情報はインド洋からはないが,太平洋産の仔稚魚については詳しく記載されている(Ahlstrom et al., 1976;岡本ほか,2001).

(岡本)

 

Description  Body elongate and cylindrical. Head small, length about 1/5 of SL. Snout moderately long and rounded. Lower jaw almost hidden within upper jaw when mouth closed. Teeth on both jaws in a series, with elongate bases and curved tips. Small teeth present on vomer and palatine. Eye round and small, its diameter considerably shorter than snout length. Lachrymal bone large, covering upper jaw. Opercular region smooth and thick. Gill rakers soft, broad, and short. Two dorsal fins, spines short, first dorsal-fin base longer than second. Anal-fin origin behind second dorsal-fin origin, one short spine present. Pectoral and pelvic fins short. Caudal fin deeply forked. Anus located below origin of second dorsal fin. Caudal peduncle long and wide. Modified scales forming two pairs of hard keels at caudal-fin base. Small and rhomboidal ctenoid scales arranged regularly on body, not deciduous. Snout, top of head, and jaws naked, small pores densely distributed on surface. Lateral line inconspicuous. Pharyngeal sac present. Body uniformly black to blackish brown.

Distribution  Mesopelagic. Tropical to temperate waters of Pacific and Atlantic oceans. Western South Indian Ocean. South Africa (Haedrich, 1967; Parin and Piotrovsky, 2004).

Remarks  This species differs from the only other congener in the area, T. atlanticus Lowe, 1839, by having a smaller head and eyes, and more vertebrae. Tetragonurus pacificus Abe, 1953 is distributed in the Indian Ocean, but is restricted to the equatorial region north of 20ºS (Parin and Piotrovsky, 2004). There is no information about the early life stages of T. cuvieri from the Indian Ocean, but those of the Pacific have been described in detail (Ahlstrom et al., 1976; Okamoto et al., 2001).

(M. Okamoto)

 



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